Participatory Methods

Problem Chain

Problem Chain is a participatory activity designed to identify, analyze, and visualize the connections between a central problem, its causes, and effects. Using a sequential and collaborative approach, this tool helps uncover the root of challenges and prioritize strategic solutions.

Preparation

  1. Define the central problem: Select a relevant and clear problem the group wants to analyze.
  2. Gather materials: Provide large sheets of paper, sticky notes, markers, and boards to represent the problem chain.
  3. Select a facilitator: Designate someone to guide the discussion and ensure the analysis progresses logically and effectively.

Step-by-step instructions

  1. Introduce the problem:
    • Explain the purpose of the activity and present the central problem.
    • Write the problem in the center of a large sheet of paper or board.
  2. Identify causes:
    • Ask the group: “What causes this problem?”
    • Write the causes around the central problem, using arrows to show connections.
  3. Explore effects:
    • Reflect: “What are the consequences of this problem?”
    • Place the effects near the central problem, linking them with arrows.
  4. Connect causes and effects:
    • Identify relationships between causes and effects to build a chain showing how they interact.
    • Use double arrows if effects also lead to new causes.
  5. Facilitate collective analysis:
    • Discuss and prioritize critical points in the chain:
      • Which cause has the greatest impact on the problem?
      • Which effect is most urgent to address?
  6. Develop solutions:
    • Invite the group to propose specific solutions for the prioritized causes and effects.
    • Connect the solutions to the chain using different colors or symbols.
  7. Close and reflect:
    • Summarize the findings and reflect on how the proposed solutions can impact the problem chain.
    • Document the analysis for future reference.
Recommendations
  • Clarity in the problem: Ensure the central problem is well-defined before starting.
  • Visual guidance: Use arrows and colors to clearly show connections between causes, effects, and solutions.
  • Documentation: Record conclusions for reference and follow-up.
  • Diversity of perspectives: Encourage participants to share diverse experiences and opinions.
Materials
  • Large sheets of paper or whiteboards
  • Colored markers
  • Sticky notes
Online platforms
Purpose
The purpose of the Problem Chain is to encourage collective analysis of the factors that create and exacerbate a problem, visually and structurally connecting causes and effects. This activity empowers participants by promoting a comprehensive understanding of the problem and facilitates the identification of viable and strategic solutions that can be implemented collaboratively.
Type of activity
Participatory Action ResearchParticipatory EvaluationParticipatory InteractionParticipatory Planning
Level of participation
Collaboration, Shared decision-making, Knowledge generation, Exchange of perspectives
Target audience
Educators, Facilitators, Students, Community leaders, NGOs and social collectives, Business teams, Government, Creative designers, Researchers
Fields of application
Education and training, Community development, Organizational and business management, Sustainability and environment, Conflict resolution, Citizen and social participation
Estimated duration
From 60 to 120 minutes, depending on the depth of the analysis and the group size.
Ideal number of participants
From 6 to 20 participants, to facilitate active and manageable discussions.
Topics related to this activity
Causes and EffectsCollaborative DiagnosisCollective LearningInclusive ParticipationKnowledge GenerationParticipatory AnalysisProblem SolvingStrategic PlanningVisual DiagnosisVisual Documentation
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